@Article{JonahCoZhGoErPaKh:2018:TIObSo,
               author = "Jonah, Olusegun Folarin and Coster, A. and Zhang, Shunrong and 
                         Goncharenko, Larisa P. and Erickson, Philip John and Paula, Eurico 
                         Rodrigues de and Kherani, Esfhan Alam",
          affiliation = "Haystack Observatory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and 
                         Haystack Observatory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and 
                         Haystack Observatory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and 
                         Haystack Observatory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and 
                         Haystack Observatory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and 
                         {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto 
                         Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)}",
                title = "TID Observations and Source Analysis During the 2017 Memorial Day 
                         Weekend Geomagnetic Storm Over North America",
              journal = "Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics",
                 year = "2018",
               volume = "123",
               number = "10",
                pages = "8749--8765",
                month = "Oct.",
             keywords = "LSTID, MSTID, TEC, geomagnetic storm, poleward TID, equatorward 
                         TID.",
             abstract = "We investigate ionospheric perturbations associated with traveling 
                         ionospheric disturbance (TID) during the geomagnetic storm on 
                         Memorial Day weekend (28 May) 2017. Results show the presence of 
                         both equatorward propagating large-scale TIDs (LSTIDs) and 
                         poleward propagating medium-scale TIDs. Equatorward moving TIDs 
                         are connected with enhanced auroral activity owing to geomagnetic 
                         storm conditions, while poleward TIDs are believed to be induced 
                         by local atmospheric gravity wave sources originating from 
                         convection activities near the West Coast of North America. 
                         Measurements from magnetometers located in the west, central, and 
                         east regions of North America are used to evaluate energy inputs 
                         from the auroral belt, and these observations confirm that 
                         equatorward LSTIDs are due to geomagnetic disturbance. The 
                         observed LSTID waves were characterized by some uncommon features, 
                         such as horizontal wavefront stretching from coast to coast, 
                         aligned in the NW to SE direction, and propagating to the 
                         southwest (equatorward) direction during the storm main phase 
                         period. In contrast, during the recovery phase and on other 
                         experimental control days, the observed medium-scale TIDs were 
                         characterized with relatively smaller wavelengths aligned in the 
                         NW to SE direction and propagate primarily in the northeast 
                         (poleward) direction. Our results also reveal that LSTID waves 
                         appear to travel faster in the central continental region compared 
                         to LSTIDs in the western and eastern regions. Plain Language 
                         Summary This study reveals the coupling of magnetosphere and 
                         ionosphere system as well as the interaction between the lower and 
                         upper atmosphere. Using the Global Navigation Satellite Systems 
                         (GNSS) receivers widely distributed over United States, networks 
                         of magnetometers over North America, and satellite measurements 
                         from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric 
                         Administration-Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite 
                         (NOAA-GOES) and Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband 
                         Emission Radiometry (SABER) missions, we investigated the 
                         traveling ionospheric disturbance (TID) characteristics during the 
                         28 May 2017 Memorial Day weekend geomagnetic storm and some quiet 
                         geomagnetic periods. Our results show equatorward large-scale TID 
                         owning to the 2017 Memorial Day weekend geomagnetic storm and 
                         poleward medium-scale TID propagation owning to atmospheric 
                         convection activity over the continental United States.",
                  doi = "10.1029/2018JA025367",
                  url = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2018JA025367",
                 issn = "2169-9402",
             language = "en",
           targetfile = "jonah_tid.pdf",
        urlaccessdate = "03 maio 2024"
}